Vomiting, diarrhoea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and. The guidance mentions her case without using her name. However, the possibility of a late, severe clinical relapse of ebola virus infection, with the potential for. Pdf an empirical analysis of the ebola outbreak in west africa. Digitization cut payment times from over one month to around one week, putting an end. Since the discovery of ebola virus in 1976 via traditional viral culture techniques and electron. The severity and spreadability of the disease caused interest, and also panic is some parts of the world.
Starting in december 20, the ebola virus disease evd epidemic spread in west africa through five countries sierra leone, liberia, guinea, nigeria, and mali, killing over 11,300 people. The widespread virus featured by the high mortality rate trig. An emerging infectious disease case study ebook written by george ealy, carolyn a. The letter includes a copy of an article on great apes and ebola that has recently been published in the new york. Early detection, rapid patient isolation, contact tracing, and the ongoing vaccination programme should sufficiently control the outbreak. There are thousands of survivors of the 2014 ebola virus disease epidemic in west africa. View lab report nurs 342 2017 case study ebola virus pdf version. A case of ebola virus page 1 of 3 september 2012 a case of ebola virus announcer this program is presented by the centers for disease control and prevention. Newspapers around the world have made the epidemic front page news and top headlines, and global health experts, such as the cdc, have declared the 2014. The specific investigation of trust in the context of an ebola casehandling facility etc was intended to be an exemplary casestudy, based on statements made in ten focus groups. Ebola virus disease in west africa as a case study whenayon simeon ajisegiri,1. As a science writer, it was hard not to notice that there was a tremendous amount of misinformation to be found at every corner. To address this issue, a case study of the current evd outbreak may be instructive.
In the week 14 to 21 june, 12 new confirmed cases were reported. We show the first serological evidence of survivors in this population eight antiebola virus igg seropositive and report a case fatality lower than previously reported 556% vs 100% in adults. Patient and case management for ebola virus disease. The 2014 ebola virus disease evd outbreak that started in guinea in december 20 is the 25th known evd outbreak since 1976. Final data sharing during west africa ebola public. Early transmission and case fatality of ebola virus at the.
Transmission was centred in the four prefectures of. The ebola ars nurs 342 spring, 2018 invincibility lies in the defense. Who issues ebola survivor guidance as cases show virus. Ebola is considered a zoonotic virus, meaning that it originated in animals and then spread to humans.
A risk analysis approach to prioritizing epidemics. Outbreak of ebola virus disease in the democratic republic. Rapid risk assessment outbreak of ebola virus disease in west africa, 12th update, 30 june 2015 3 guinea. Challenges and opportunities for china entering global. In terms of the duration, it is also the longest and largest ebola. Ebola virus disease evd, formerly known as ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a rare but severe, often fatal illness in humans. Ebola virus disease in west africa as a case study. Nine of the people contracted the disease outside the us and traveled into the country, either as. Context part a lays out key facts needed to understand the case. How can we explain the risk handling process in the ebola virus disease. Our conversation is based on his case study of an ebola virus outbreak in. How to properly handle them therefore becomes an issue of interest for all stakeholders and individuals.
The nucleotide substitution rate was consistent with rates estimated from past central african outbreaks. An emerging infectious disease case study by george. Four laboratoryconfirmed cases of ebola virus disease commonly known as ebola occurred in the united states in 2014. Sadowski, michael petersen, and rumtin aidun phase i infection of homo sapiens. In this brief the bioethics commission focuses on ethical challenges raised by the current ebola epidemic in western africa, with a particular focus on the u. In groups, students work through the case study using information from the initial outbreak to learn the steps of an outbreak investigation. Late ebola virus relapse causing meningoencephalitis. A member of the ring vaccination team vaccinates a man in bosolo village.
Bats are the current subject of study as ebola virus is a close cousin of marburg virus, which causes a similar disease in humans and is consistently found in a specific species of african fruit bat. Has rapid mutation produced alarming new virus characteristics in the 202015 ebola virus outbreak in west africa. On 30 march 2014, liberia reported its first cases of ebola, followed by sierra leone on 25 may. Ebola response case study at the height of the ebola crisis, sierra leone turned to mobile wallets to make fast, accurate, and secure payments to response workers.
The average ebola case fatality rate is around 50%. The ebola viruses, respectively zaire species of this genera is the causative agent of the biggest ebola outbreak, namely west africa ebola outbreak, which started in 2014, and in which the casemortality rate has been reported to be at about 50 percent, with the. In total, cdctrained, local healthcare workers have captured almost 400 fruit bats for testing at njala university for evidence of ebola virus. Ebola case study niehs wtp alexander isakov, md, mph professor of emergency medicine emory university school of medicine kate moore, phd, dnp, fccm associate professor, clinical nell hodgson woodruff school of nursing sept 20, 2016. The depletion of nk cells abolishes the ebola virus protection 3. Ebola virus zaire ebola virus 2014 outbreak bundibugyo ebola virus reston ebola virus sudan ebola virus tai forest ebola virus severe disease with high case fatality death rates for ebola range from 5090% absence of specific treatment or vaccine.
The recent ebola epidemic in west africa, and the viruss spread to the u. Ebola virus disease in west africa as a case study ncbi nih. The ebola virus causes an acute, serious illness which is often fatal if left untreated. The outbreak that occurred in march, 2014, caused worldwide, and intense media attention. Ebola is caused by infection with a virus of the family filoviridae, genus ebolavirus. Laboratory diagnosis of ebola virus disease plays a critical role in outbreak response efforts. Early supportive care with rehydration, symptomatic treatment improves survival. The ebola epidemic, which began on the year 2014, is the largest epidemic that has been witnessed in the history, in its initial stages the ebola virus affected a large number of people in west africa, but it continued to grow and now poses a significant threat to various nations of the world. Use of a communityled prevention strategy to enhance. On 27 june 2018, all the people who were exposed to the last confirmed evd casepatient completed their mandatory 21day follow up without developing symptoms. While small outbreaks occurred in other african countries, the outbreak in west africa was by far the largest, longest and most complex. Although wellknown for its lethality, ebola severity is variable at the individual level. Ebola virus disease evd, formally known as ebola haemorrhagic fever, has been causing worldwide concern as it infects people in countries out of west africa, including the united states. Before digitization, cash payments were slow, inaccurate, and open to graft and theft.
Raina macintyre1,2 the 2014 ebola virus disease evd outbreak affected several countries worldwide, including six west african countries. On march 23, 2014, the world health organization who announced that an ebola virus outbreak that started in the republic of guinea in december 20 had spread to numerous west african countries. In all, a great number of people died from ebola known as ebola virus disease evd. In her case, medical officials said she had meningitis related to her original ebola infection, and her cerebrospinal fluid tested positive for traces of the virus. Emerging infectious disease, research and development, ebola virus disease, background the unprecedented outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in 20142016 caused a total of 9216 reported cases and 4555 deaths in african countries 1. Zaire ebolavirus ebov, the virus responsible for the 2014 ebola outbreak in west africa, causes a deadly haemorrhagic disease in humans with case fatality rates ranging from 60%88%. Ebola, previously known as ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a rare and deadly disease caused by infection with one of the ebola virus strains. The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and then spreads in the human population through humantohuman transmission. The rna viruses are particularly prone to emergence. This case study aimed to establish a discussion about the operative and logistic. Ebola can cause disease in humans and nonhuman primates monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees. Ebola, also known as ebola virus disease evd, is a viral haemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. The ministry of health and who continue to closely monitor the outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in the democratic republic of the congo. Ebola virus infection was more widespread in this spillover population than previously recognised 21 vs 11 cases.
Initial assessment of the risk for the eu, associated with a case showing an. Use of ppe for safe first assessment of pui of evd in eueea technical guidance, tutorial19 dec 2014. Since the onset of the worst epidemic of ebola virus disease in december 20, 28,637 cases were reported as. Algorithm for initial assessment and management of patients for ebola virus disease tool, patient and case management26 sep 2014. Even starting from very low, the ebola affected countries showed good signs of progress on the public health related mdgs millenium. Something wicked this way comes appendix 1 a description. Ebola disease ebola disease is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. Pandenomics a case study on the ebola outbreak geneva. As of the end of march 2016, the west africa epidemic of ebola virus disease ebola had resulted in a total of 28,646 cases, 11,323 of them fatal, reported to the world health organization. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read ebola.
In contrast, analysis of sequence data from early in the. The current outbreak in west africa is caused by zaire ebolavirus. The longlasting effects of ebola were underscored in a study last month in the new england journal of medicine. The whos ebola virus disease outbreak response plan. Westafrican outbreak has been raised recently 16 and some studies are ongoing 17. Ebola virus disease in west africa as a case study wiley online. The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through humantohuman transmission. Eleven cases were reported, including these four cases and seven cases medically evacuated from other countries. Epidemic outbreaks threaten jurisdictions beyond domestic boundaries and affect diverse societal interests. Ebola case study national institute of environmental.
The forecast of the number of cases does not exceed the current capacity to. Case study n o saving money, saving lives l digitizing. The focus groups were run by a team of locallybased research assistants earlier trained by one of the authors eym for work on ebola in 201415. These include an overview of the epidemiology of ebola virus disease, including prevention, transmission, and treatment, an introduction to the three most affected countries guinea, liberia, sierra leone, providing an overview of the economic. Pdf the data for the ebola outbreak that occurred in 20142016 in three countries.
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